Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is a sophisticated seismic imaging technique aimed at reconstructing subsurface properties by minimizing the difference between observed and simulated seismic data. FWI extracts detailed information by utilizing entire waveforms, making it a powerful tool in geophysics for imaging complex structures at fine resolutions. The technique has witnessed significant developments since its inception, driven by advancements in computational power, algorithmic evolution, a...