Late in 1938, Nazis across Germany attacked Jews and their homes, businesses and places of worship and arrested about 30,000 Jewish men. The attacks became known as Kristallnacht ' the 'Night of Broken Glass' ' for the streets littered with broken glass from the vandalism. But the pogrom of Nov. 9-10, 1938, went beyond the broken glass of Jewish-owned shops on the streets of German cities and has rightly been called a major turning point in the history of the Holocaust. As a scholar specializing in the impact of the Holocaust on the law, human rights, German criminal law and international humanitarian law, I believe it's important to see Kristallnacht as the logical culmination of Hitler's malevolent intentions going back many years before 1938. Seeing it that way allows us to view the two different kinds of antisemitism in Hitler's thinking, one involving emotions and the other involving the law and reason. From early in his political career, Hitler's thinking about Jews vacillated...
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