Researchers have discovered that healthy skin ' once thought to be a passive barrier ' can actually produce antibodies that fight off infections. It's hoped that the finding could one day lead to the development of needle-free vaccines that can be applied to the skin. New estimates, based on data collected by NASA's Juno spacecraft, suggest that the ice on the surface of Jupiter's moon Europa may be significantly thicker than previously thought. If these estimates prove accurate it could reduce the chances of Europa being habitable for extraterrestrial life. 3D computer simulations of Australopithecus afarensis ' an ancient hominin that lived more than three million years ago ' reveal that although our relatives could run on two legs, they probably did so at a far slower pace than modern humans.
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